主詞動詞一致性
Subject-Verb Agreement

　
http://englishhome.org/grammar/sbagreement.htm

 

基本原則：單數主詞需要單數動詞；複數主詞需要複數動詞。My brother is  a nutritionist. My sisters are mathematicians.
1. 你給我記住：不定代名詞 (indefinite pronouns) anyone, everyone, someone, no  one, nobody 永遠是單數!
 
  • Everyone has done his or her homework.
  • Somebody has left her purse.

若干不定代名詞 (如 all, some) 為複數或單數 -- 視其所指的名詞為可數或不可數而定。

  • Some of the beads are missing.
  • Some of the water is gone.

相對地，none 這個不定代名詞可為單數或複數都沒關係，除非句子中有別的人事物來決定它的數。

  • None of you claims responsibility for this incident?
  • None of you claim responsibility for this incident?
  • None of the students have done their homework. (在最後這個例子中，their 這個字告訴你要使用複數動詞，不能使用單數動詞。)
2. 你給我記住：若干不定代名詞特別麻煩：everyone 和 everybody， 它們讓我們覺得我們好像是在談論一個人以上，所以應該使用複數動詞；而 each 的後面通常接以複數字做結尾的介系詞片語，這經常困擾我們對動詞的選擇。
 

Everyone has finished his or her homework.

記住：你一定要說 "Everybody is here." 這意謂這個字是單數，沒有什麼事情會改變此一事實。

Each of the students is responsible for doing his or her work in the  library.

別讓 "students" 給迷惑了；主詞是 each，而 each 永遠是單數：Each is  responsible.

 　

3. 你給我記住：together with， as well as 和 along with 等片語與 and 並不相同。
 
  • The mayor as well as his brothers is going to prison.
  • The mayor and his brothers are going to jail.

由 as well as 或 along with 所引導的片語係修飾前面的字 (本例為 mayor)，但它並未使主詞複數化 (而 and 則有使主詞 1+1=2 的複數化作用)。
 
4. 你給我記住：neither 和 either 這兩個代名詞永遠是單數，即使就某一方面來說它們似乎是指兩樣事物。
 
  • Neither of the two traffic lights is working.
  • Either suit is fine with me.
5. 你給我記住：連接詞 or 並沒有結合的作用，所以，在使用 or 或 nor 的場合，比較接近動詞的主詞決定了動詞的數。至於主詞是在動詞的前面還是後面則無關緊要。
 
  • Either my father or my brothers are going to sell the house.
  • Neither my brothers nor my father is going to sell the house.
  • Are either my brothers or my father resposible?
  • Is either my father or my brothers responsible?
6. 你給我記住：there 和 here 永遠、絕對不是主詞。
 
  • There are two reasons [複數主詞] for this.
  • There is no reason for this.
  • Here are two apples.
    在這種結構中，主詞跟隨在動詞之後。
7. 你給我記住：第三人稱、單數主詞 (he, she, it) 的現在式動詞以加 s 做結尾。其他動詞則否。
 

He loves； she loves；they love . . . .
8. 你給我記住：有時修飾語是放在主詞和動詞之間，但這些修飾語不應混淆主詞及其動詞之間的一致性。
 

The mayor, who has been convicted along with his four brothers on four counts of various crimes but who also seems, like a cat, to have  several political lives, is finally going to jail.
9. 你給我記住：有時當主詞的名詞具有怪異的型態，可能使我們將單數名詞誤以為複數名詞，或將複數名詞誤以為單數名詞。glasses， pants， pliers，和 scissors 等字被視為複數，除非它們的前面有 pair of 這個片語 (此時 pair 這個字就變成了主詞)。
 
  • My glasses were on the bed.
  • My pants were torn.
  • A pair of trousers is in the closet.
10. 你給我記住：分數字詞如 half of， a part of， a percentage of， a majority of 有時是單數，有時是複數，視意思而定。(當然，這也適用於 all， any，more， most ， some 當主詞的情況。) 數學過程的總和與乘積係以單數來表示。
 
  • Some of the voters are still angry.
  • A large percentage of the older population is voting against her.
  • Two-fifths of the troops were lost in the battle.
  • Two-fifths of the vineyard was destroyed by fire.
  • Two and two is four.
  • Four times four divided by two is eight.
11. 你給我記住：有些字以 s 做字尾，但卻是單數。
  • The news from the front is bad.
  • Measles is a dangerous disease for pregnant women.

相對地，有些以 s 做字尾的字指的是單一事物，但卻是複數。

  • My assets were wiped out in the depression.
  • The average worker's earnings have gone up dramatically.
  • Our thanks go to the workers who supported the union.

Guide to Grammar and Writing

http://211.75.39.208:888/adv/grammar/data/CDSV10.htm

連接詞片語與動詞的一致性

§ both A and B ... + 複數動詞

　Both he and I are Chinese.

　（他和我兩人都是中國人。）

§ not only A but also B ...：動詞與 B 一致

　Not only he but also I am an engineer.

　（不只他是工程師，我也是。）

※補充

　not A but B.....：動詞也與 B 一致。

　Not you but he is to leave right away.

　（是他要馬上離開，不是你。）

§ either A or B ...：動詞與其最接近的主詞一致

　Either I or he does the work.（我或他會做這項工作。）

　Do you or he do the work?（你或他要做這項工作？）

　上述例子僅為說明而舉，事實上用簡單式的機會不多。

　像這種情況應用未來式較自然，如下：

　Either I or he will do the work.

　Will you or he do the work?

§ A as well as B ...：動詞與 A 一致

　You as well as John do the job together.

　（你和約翰一起做這件工作。）

　＜動詞與在前的主詞 you 一致＞

§ neither...nor：若連接兩個主詞時，動詞與第二個主詞一致。

　Neither Tom nor I am going to attend the meeting.

　（湯姆和我都不會參加這個會議。）

§ either…or 或 neither…nor 連接兩個單數的名詞作前行詞，
　隨後的代名詞亦用單數。如果所連接的兩個名詞是複數，
　代名詞也用複數。如果連接的兩個名詞之中一個是單數，
　一個是複數，代名詞則應該與較靠近的那個前行詞一致。

　Either Jane or Alice left her books on her desk.

　（不是珍就是愛麗絲把書放在書桌上了。）

　＜兩個名詞都是單數，代名詞用單數 her。＞

　Either the boys or girls left their books on the tabls.

　（不是男孩們就是女孩們把書留在桌上。）

　＜兩個名詞均為複數，代名詞用複數 their。＞

　Neither Harvey nor his cousins wore their dress suits.

　（哈維和他的表兄弟都沒有穿西裝禮服。）

　＜代名詞與較靠近的名詞 cousins 一致。＞

　Neither the men nor the boy could find his place in the line.

　（男士們和這男孩都找不著他排隊的位置。）

　＜代名詞與較靠近的名詞 boy 一致。＞

　像上例第四句，最好是將複數名詞擺在較靠近代名詞的位
　置，如此可使前行詞成為複數，整個句子也較為順暢。

【相關主題】

．從屬連接詞

※補充

　只要主詞用 or 或 nor 連接時，則「靠近動詞」的那一個
　主詞要跟動詞一致。

　A or B / A nor B：動詞與靠近者一致

　（即在直述句與 B 一致，在疑問句與 A 一致）

　One or two days are enough to see the city.

　（要參觀那個城市一兩天就足夠了。）

　Are you or he to blame?

　（是你或他該受責罰呢？）

arrow
arrow
    全站熱搜

    bairdben 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣()

    E-mail轉寄