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Pen-fry, boil, stir-fry, deep-fry, stew, simmer, broil

煎煮炒炸燉煨炙

bake, grill, roast, boast: 烘焙，鐵網，叉箱包，麵包片

Cut, chop, mince grind: 切切，跺跺，切細，磨碎

Slice, dice, shred, grate : 切片，切丁，切絲，刨絲

Blanch, scald, peel : 燙燙，燙皮，削皮

candied , salted , pickled : 蜜餞，醃肉，泡菜

marinate, season : 浸泡和加味

cool down, freeze: 冷藏和冷凍

Pen-fry, boil, stir-fry, deep-fry, stew, simmer, broil
煎煮炒炸燉煨炙

*When you fry food, you cook it in a pan that contains hot fat or oil.
*When a hot liquid boils or when you boil it, bubbles appear in it and it starts to change into steam or vapour.
*If you stir-fry vegetables, meat, or fish, you cook small pieces of them quickly by stirring them in a small quantity of very hot oil. This method is often used in Chinese cookery.
* If you deep-fry food, you fry it in a large amount of fat or oil.
*When you stew meat, vegetables, or fruit, you cook them slowly in liquid in a closed dish.
* A stew is a meal which you make by cooking meat and vegetables in liquid at a low temperature.
*When you simmer food or when it simmers, you cook it by keeping it at boiling point or just below boiling point.
* If a conflict or a quarrel simmers, it does not actually happen for a period of time, but eventually builds up to the point where it does.
* When you broil food, you cook it using very strong heat directly above or below it. (AM; in BRIT, use grill)

bake, grill, roast, toast: 烘焙，鐵網，叉箱包，麵包片

*If you bake, you spend some time preparing and mixing together ingredients to make bread, cakes, pies, or other food which is cooked in the oven.
*A vegetable or fish bakeis a dish that is made by chopping up and mixing together a number of ingredients and cooking them in the oven so that they form a fairly dry solid mass. (BRIT)
*1. A grillis a part of a stove which produces strong heat to cook food that has been placed underneath it. (BRIT; in AM, use broiler) (broiler
n. lower part of oven; rack for broiling; chicken which is meant to be cooked in an oven
)
*2. [N-COUNT] A grillis a flat frame of metal bars on which food can be cooked over a fire.
*3. [VERB: V n, V adv, V-ed] When you grillfood, or when it grills, you cook it using very strong heat directly above or below it. (BRIT; in AM, use broil)
* 1. [VERB: V n]
When you roastmeat or other food, you cook it by dry heat in an oven or over a fire.
I personally would rather roast a chicken whole.
2. [ADJ: ADJ n]
Roastmeat has been cooked by roasting.
...roast beef.
3. [N-COUNT]
A roastis a piece of meat that is cooked by roasting.
Come into the kitchen. I've got to put the roastin.

4. please roasta joint of meat, a chicken, and some potatoes.

1.Toastis bread which has been cut into slices and made brown and crisp by cooking at a high temperature.
2. [VERB: V n, V-ed]
When you toastsomething such as bread, you cook it at a high temperature so that it becomes brown and crisp.
3. [N-COUNT]
When you drink a toastto someone or something, you drink some wine or another alcoholic drink as a symbolic gesture, in order to show your appreciation of them or to wish them success.
4. [VERB: V n]
When you toastsomeone or something, you drink a toast to them.
Party officials and generals toasted his health...
5. [N-SING: the N of n]
If someone is the toastof a place, they are very popular and greatly admired there, because they have done something very successfully or well.
She was the toast of Paris.

9-3
Cut, chop, mince grind: 切切，跺跺，切細，磨碎
*. 1. [VERB: V n, V n prep/adv, V n n, V through n, V-ed]
If you cut something, you use a knife or a similar tool to divide it into pieces, or to mark it or damage it. If you cut a shape or a hole in something, you make the shape or hole by using a knife or similar tool.
* If you chop something, you cut it into pieces with strong downward movements of a knife or an axe.
* 1. [N-UNCOUNT]
Mince is meat which has been cut into very small pieces using a machine. (mainly BRIT; in AM, use ground beef, hamburger meat)
Brown the mince in a frying pan.
2. [VERB: V n, V-ed]
If you mince food such as meat, you put it into a machine which cuts it into very small pieces. (mainly BRIT; in AM, usually use grind)
Perhaps I'll buy lean meat and mince it myself.
...minced beef.

* If you grind a substance such as corn, you crush it between two hard surfaces or with a machine until it becomes a fine powder.

Blanch, scald, peel : 燙燙，燙皮，削皮

blanch

blanch blanches blanching blanched
1. [VERB: V, V at n]
If you blanch, you suddenly become very pale.
    His face blanched as he looked at Sharpe's blood-drenched uniform...
    She felt herself blanch at the unpleasant memories.
2. [VERB: V at n]
If you say that someone blanchesat something, you mean that they find it unpleasant and do not want to be involved with it.
    Everything he had said had been a mistake. He blanched at his miscalculations...
3. [VERB: V n]
If you blanchvegetables, fruit, or nuts, you put them into boiling water for a short time, usually in order to remove their skins, or to prepare them for freezing.

scald

scald scalds scalding scalded
1. [VERB: V n, V-ed]
If you scaldyourself, you burn yourself with very hot liquid or steam.
    A patient scalded herself in a hot bath.
    ...a child with a scalded hand.
2. [N-COUNT]
A scaldis a burn caused by very hot liquid or steam

peel

peel peels peeling peeled
1. [N-UNCOUNT]
The peelof a fruit such as a lemon or an apple is its skin.
    ...grated lemon peel.
[N-COUNT]
You can also refer to a peel. (AM)
    ...a banana peel.
2. [VERB: V n]
When you peelfruit or vegetables, you remove their skins.
    She sat down in the kitchen and began peeling potatoes.
3. [VERB: V n off/from n, V n with off/away, V off/from n, V off/away, V-ing]
If you peeloff something that has been sticking to a surface or if it peelsoff, it comes away from the surface.
    One of the kids was peeling plaster off the wall...
    It took me two days to peel off the labels...
    Paint was peeling off the walls...
    The wallpaper was peeling away close to the ceiling.
    ...an unrenovated bungalow with slightly peeling blue paint.
4. [VERB: usu cont, V]
If a surface is peeling, the paint on it is coming away.
    Its once-elegant white pillars are peeling.
5. [VERB: usu cont, V]
If you are peelingor if your skin is peeling, small pieces of skin are coming off, usually because you have been burned by the sun.
    His face, at the moment, was peeling from sunburn.

candied , salted , pickled : 蜜餞，醃肉，泡菜

candied

can·died
[ADJ: usu ADJ n]
Food such as candiedfruit has been covered with sugar or has been cooked in sugar syrup.
    ...candied orange peel.

salt

★
salt salts salting salted
1. [N-UNCOUNT]
Saltis a strong-tasting substance, in the form of white powder or crystals, which is used to improve the flavour of food or to preserve it. Salt occurs naturally in sea water.
    Season lightly with salt and pepper.
    ...a pinch of salt.
2. [VERB: V n]
When you saltfood, you add salt to it.
    Salt the stock to your taste and leave it simmering very gently.
+ salted salt·ed [ADJ: usu ADJ n]
    Put a pan of salted water on to boil.
3. [N-COUNT: usu pl]
Salts are substances that are formed when an acid reacts with an alkali.
    The rock is rich in mineral salts.
see also Epsom salts, smelling salts
5. [PHRASE: V inflects]
If you take something with a pinch of salt, you do not believe that it is completely accurate or true.
    The more miraculous parts of this account should be taken with a pinch of salt.
6. [PHRASE: n PHR]
If you say, for example, that any doctor worth his or her salt would do something, you mean that any doctor who was good at his or her job or who deserved respect would do it.
    Any coach worth his salt would do exactly as I did.
7. [PHRASE: V and wound inflect]
If someone or something rubs salt into the wound, they make the unpleasant situation that you are in even worse, often by reminding you of your failures or faults.
    I had no intention of rubbing salt into a friend's wounds, so all I said was that I did not give interviews.

Pickled food, such as vegetables, fruit, and fish, has been kept in vinegar or salt water to preserve it.
    ...a jar of pickled fruit.

marinate

mari·nate marinates marinating marinated
[VERB: V n, V]
If you marinate meat or fish, or if it marinates, you keep it in a mixture of oil, vinegar, spices, and herbs, before cooking it, so that it can develop a special flavour.
    Marinate the chicken for at least 4 hours...
    Put it in a screw-top jar with French dressing and leave to marinate.

marinate, season : 浸泡和加味

season

★★★
sea·son seasons seasoning seasoned
1. [N-COUNT: usu with supp]
The seasons are the main periods into which a year can be divided and which each have their own typical weather conditions.
    Autumn's my favourite season.
    ...the only region of Brazil where all four seasons are clearly defined.
    ...the rainy season.
2. [N-COUNT: usu sing, usu the -ing N]
You can use season to refer to the period during each year when a particular activity or event takes place. For example, the planting season is the period when a particular plant or crop is planted.
    ...birds arriving for the breeding season...
3. [N-COUNT: n N, also in/out of N]
You can use season to refer to the period when a particular fruit, vegetable, or other food is ready for eating and is widely available.
    The plum season is about to begin...
    Now British asparagus is in season.
4. [N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp]
You can use season to refer to a fixed period during each year when a particular sport is played.
    ...the baseball season...
    It is his first race this season.
5. [N-COUNT: with supp]
A season is a period in which a play or show, or a series of plays or shows, is performed in one place.
    ...a season of three new plays.
6. [N-COUNT: usu sing, usu with supp]
A season of films is several of them shown as a series because they are connected in some way.
    ...a brief season of films in which Artaud appeared.
7. [N-COUNT: usu sing, usu supp N, also in/out of N]
The holiday or vacation season is the time when most people have their holiday.
    ...the peak holiday season...
    There are discos and clubs but these are often closed out of season.
8. [VERB: V n with n, V n]
If you season food with salt, pepper, or spices, you add them to it in order to improve its flavour.
    Season the meat with salt and pepper...
    I believe in seasoning food before putting it on the table.
9. [VERB: usu passive, be V-ed]
If wood is seasoned, it is made suitable for making into furniture or for burning, usually by being allowed to dry out gradually.
    Ensure that new wood has been seasoned.
see also seasoned, seasoning
11. [PHRASE: usu v-link PHR]
If a female animal is in season, she is in a state where she is ready to have sex.

cool down, freeze: 冷藏和冷凍

cool down

cool down
1.
see cool 5
2. [PHRASAL VERB: V P, V P n (not pron)]
If someone coolsdown or if you coolthem down, they become less angry than they were.
    He has had time to cool down and look at what happened more objectively...
    First McNeil had to cool down the volatile Australian 20-year old.
= calm down

cool

★★
cool cooler coolest cools cooling cooled
1. [ADJ]
Something that is coolhas a temperature which is low but not very low.
    I felt a current of cool air...
    The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators.
≠ warm
2. [ADJ: oft it v-link ADJ]
If it is cool, or if a place is cool, the temperature of the air is low but not very low.
    Thank goodness it's cool in here...
    Store grains and cereals in a cool, dry place.
    ...a cool November evening.
≠ warm
[N-SING: the N, oft N of n]
Cool is also a noun.
    She walked into the cool of the hallway.
3. [ADJ]
Clothing that is cool is made of thin material so that you do not become too hot in hot weather.
    In warm weather, you should wear clothing that is cool and comfortable.
≠ warm
4. [ADJ: ADJ n]
Cool colours are light colours which give an impression of coolness.
    Choose a cool colour such as cream...
≠ warm
5. [VERB: V, V n, V-ing]
When something cools or when you cool it, it becomes lower in temperature.
    Drain the meat and allow it to cool...
    Huge fans will have to cool the concrete floor to keep it below 150 degrees.
    ...a cooling breeze.
[PHRASAL VERB: V P, V n P]
To cool down means the same as to cool.
    Avoid putting your car away until the engine has cooled down...
    The other main way the body cools itself down is by panting.
6. [VERB: V, V n]
When a feeling or emotion cools, or when you cool it, it becomes less powerful.
    Within a few minutes tempers had cooled...
    His weird behaviour had cooled her passion.
7. [ADJ] approval
If you say that a person or their behaviour is cool, you mean that they are calm and unemotional, especially in a difficult situation.
    He was marvelously cool again, smiling as if nothing had happened...
= calm
+ coolly cool·ly [ADV]
    Everyone must think this situation through calmly and coolly.
    ...coolly `objective' professionals.
8. [ADJ]
If you say that a person or their behaviour is cool, you mean that they are unfriendly or not enthusiastic.
    I didn't like him at all. I thought he was cool, aloof, and arrogant...
    The idea met with a cool response...
+ coolly cool·ly [ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj]
    `It's your choice, Nina,' David said coolly.
9. [ADJ] approval
If you say that a person or their behaviour is cool, you mean that they are fashionable and attractive. (INFORMAL)
    He was trying to be really cool and trendy.
10. [ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n] approval
If you say that someone is cool about something, you mean that they accept it and are not angry or upset about it. (mainly AM INFORMAL)
    Bev was really cool about it all.
11. [ADJ]
If you say that something is cool, you think it is very good. (INFORMAL)
    Kathleen gave me a really cool dress.
= neat
12. [ADJ: ADJ n] emphasis
You can use cool to emphasize that an amount or figure is very large, especially when it has been obtained easily. (INFORMAL)
    Columbia recently re-signed the band for a cool $30 million.
13. [PHRASE: V inflects]
If you keep your cool in a difficult situation, you manage to remain calm. If you lose your cool, you get angry or upset. (INFORMAL)
    She kept her cool and managed to get herself out of the ordeal...
14. [PHRASE: V inflects]
If you play it cool, you deliberately behave in a calm, unemotional way because you do not want people to know you are enthusiastic or angry about something. (INFORMAL)
    It's ridiculous to play it cool if someone you're mad about is mad about you too.
15.
as cool as a cucumber: see cucumber

freeze

★
freeze freezes freezing froze frozen
1. [VERB: V, V adj, V n, V-ed, also V n adj]
If a liquid or a substance containing a liquid freezes, or if something freezes it, it becomes solid because of low temperatures.
    If the temperature drops below 0°C, water freezes...
    The ground froze solid.
    ...the discovery of how to freeze water at higher temperatures.
    ...frozen puddles.
2. [VERB: V n, V adv]
If you freeze something such as food, you preserve it by storing it at a temperature below freezing point. You can also talk about how well food freezes.
    You can freeze the soup at this stage...
    Most fresh herbs will freeze successfully.
3. [VERB: it V]
When it freezes outside, the temperature falls below freezing point.
    What if it rained and then froze all through those months?
[N-COUNT]
Freeze is also a noun.
    The trees were damaged by a freeze in December.
4. [VERB: V]
If you freeze, you feel extremely cold.
    The windows didn't fit at the bottom so for a while we froze even in the middle of summer...
5. [VERB: V]
If someone who is moving freezes, they suddenly stop and become completely still and quiet. (WRITTEN)
    She froze when the beam of the flashlight struck her.
6. [VERB: V n]
If the government or a company freeze things such as prices or wages, they state officially that they will not allow them to increase for a fixed period of time. (BUSINESS)
    They want the government to freeze prices...
[N-COUNT: with supp]
Freeze is also a noun.
    A wage freeze was imposed on all staff earlier this month.
7. [VERB: V n, V n]
If a government freezes a plan or process, they state officially that they will not allow it to continue for a period of time.
    Britain has already frozen its aid programme...
    Diplomatic relations were frozen until August this year.
[N-COUNT: with supp]
Freeze is also a noun.
    ...a freeze in nuclear weapons programs.
8. [VERB: V n, V n]
If someone in authority freezes something such as a bank account, fund, or property, they obtain a legal order which states that it cannot be used or sold for a particular period of time. (BUSINESS)
    The governor's action freezes 300,000 accounts...
    Under these laws, he said, Mr. Rice's assets could have been frozen.
[N-COUNT: with supp]
Freeze is also a noun.
    ...a freeze on private savings.
see also freezing, frozen