冠詞用法小結

冠詞的用法在英語學習中較為複雜，千頭萬緒，尤其是慣用法，請同學們平時學習時注意積累。以下不過是談談冠詞的一些常規的用法。

一、 不定冠詞的用法：

1、 泛指人或事物的類別，相當於any, 如:

A hammer is tool. A steel worker makes steel.

2、 泛指某人或某物。

A boy is waiting for you. There is a book on your desk.

3、 表one或every。

We work 8 hours a day. I go home twice a month.

4、 表示the same 的意思。

Birds of a (= the same) feather flock together; people of a kind come together.

5、 用在不可數名詞前

a)（用在物質名詞前）一種，一份

A large coffee for me. It was a wonderful tea.

b)（用在某些表示風、雨等的名詞前）

It was clear daylight now and a fine rain was falling. There is a cold wind this morning.

c)（用在抽象名詞前）一種

That is a great disappointment. It’s a pleasure to work with you.

6、 （用在某些專有名詞前）某個叫…的人，一張…的畫，一個象…的人等。

I saw a Mrs. Smith on the 12th at 2:00. He had a Van Gogh in the dining-room.

What a strange London they saw! He’s a living Lei Feng.

7、 用於某些固定詞組中。

a few, a little, a good many, a lot of, all of a sudden, as a rule, have a cold等。

8、 在元音音素開頭的名詞前應用an, 如an apple, an English book。要以發音為準，並非以元音字母而定。如a university, an hour, an 「h」, an X-ray examination.

二、 定冠詞的用法。

1、 表特定的或上文提到的人或物。

The boy likes the film. Shut the door, please.

The old poor peasant has a son. The son is a model worker.

2、 表示世界上獨一無二的東西。

the earth, the moon, the stars, the sun（但space前不用）

3、 用在序數詞、形容詞或副詞最高級前。

the second, the tallest, the last, the first.

4、 用在由普通名詞構成的國家、黨派或組織機構等的專有名詞前。

the United States; the People’s Republic of China; the Communist Party of China; the Chinese People’s Liberation Army; the No. 15 Middle School; the department of Education.

5、 用在某些建築物名稱前。

The Great Hall of the People; the Monument to the People’s Heroes; the Great Wall; the Capital Theatre; the Space Museum; the Peace Hotel。

6、 用在江河海洋，山脈群島，海峽海灣等專有名詞前。

The Changjiang River, the Red Sea, the Dabie Mountains, the English Channel, the Taiwan Straits, the Persian Gulf。

7、 用在報紙、會議、條約等專有名詞前。

the People’s Daily（但：China Daily） the New York Times, the 15th Party Congress, the Geneva Agreement

8、 用在方位名詞前，某些習慣短語中或結構搭配中。

on the left, in the east, in the morning, on the other hand, in the end, hit sb on the head, catch sb by the arm

9、 用在形容詞前表一類人。

the poor, the dead, the young, the rich, the wounded.

10、 用在雙方都知，不言而喻的名詞前。

Give me the book. Who’s the man?

用在姓氏複數前表示一家人或夫婦二人。

the Smiths, the Greens, the Wangs, the Turners

11、 用在單數可數名詞前泛指某類人或物(指整個一類)。

The horse is a useful animal.

The computer was invaded not long ago. （但更多時候表特指：The horse is ill. ）

12、 指世紀的年代。

in the 1890’s或in the 1890s

13、 用在表示樂器的名詞前。

play the piano (the guitar, the violin, the flute)

14、 用在某國語言前，構成the … language的形式。

The English language is very widely used all over the world.

如果單用國家變來的語言名詞形式，則不用the。

Chinese has the largest number of speakers in the world.

15、 用於「論（或按）……計」之類的意思。

He got paid by the hour. They sell the cloth by the meter.

三、 不用冠詞的場合。

1、 專有名詞、物質名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名前一般不用冠詞。

China, Johnson; Air is matter. Sound is invisible.

2、 當名詞已被指示代詞、物主代詞、名詞所有格限制時。

This book is good. I read my English book every day.

3、 註：指示代詞和物主代詞亦不能並用。＊my that book, 應該說：that book of mine.

街名、廣場名、公園名前。

Wall Street. Tian』anmen Square, Hyde Park.

4、 省市、大學名前。

Hubei Province (但the Province of Hubei); Wuhan City(但the City of Wuhan); Qinghua University(但：the University of Qinghua)

5、 湖泊前一般不用冠詞。

East Lake, Salt Lake, Dongting Lake

6、 山峰前不用冠詞。

Mount Hua, Mount Tai, Mount Everest

7、 月份、星期、節日、三餐飯的名詞前。

March, Christmas, Sunday; Have you had lunch? Spring is the best season of the years.

(但月份或季節被限定則須冠詞。I arrived here in the winter of 1993.)

8、 稱呼語，表示頭街或職務作賓補或同位語的名詞。

What’s this, John? We made Li Hai monitor.

9、 學科名、球類、棋類名詞六前。

We like maths. They often play football.

10、 泛指的複數名詞前。

Students must work hard at their lesson.

11、 與by連用的交通工具或表示方式、手段的名詞前。

by bus, by hand, by radio, by air, by water.