主詞與動詞一致
(The Agreement of Subject and Verb)
重點1 如有下列情形當主詞，須接單數動詞
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用法 |
例句 |
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1. |
單數+單數動詞 [包話抽象名詞和物質名詞] |
He always comes by bus. (他總是搭公車來) Happiness consists in contentment. (幸福在於滿足) Water is very important in our life. (水在我們生活上是很重要的。) |
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To + V 名詞子句 |
+ 單數動詞 |
Getting up early makes us healthy. (早起使我們身體健康。) To see is to believe. (百聞不如一見。) What he said is true. (他所說的是真的。) |
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時間/距離 價值/重量 |
+單數動詞
「時間的度過」或「時間、金錢之花費」如與pass, go by , 的動詞連用時，則用 複數 動詞
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Twenty years is a long time. (二十年是一段很長的時間。) A hundred miles is a short distance now. ( 現在一百哩是短距離。) Three years have passed since I graduated. (我畢業以來，三年已過去。) |
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No Each Every Many a |
N and N
+單數動詞 |
Every boy and (every) girl is at play now. (每一個男女孩子都在玩。) Many a boy and (many a )girl has made the same mistake. |
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5. |
news(消息) politics (政治學) physics(物理學) economics(經濟學) mathematics(數學) + 單數動詞 |
No news is good news. (沒有消息就是好消息。) Mathematics is my favorite subject. (數學是我喜愛的科目。) |
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◎這些名詞雖以“S”結尾，但必須接單數動詞。 |
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~ one ~ body ~ thing 6. |
+單數動詞 |
Someone is knocking at the door. (有人在敲門。) Nobody likes it (沒有人喜歡它。) There is something in the envelope. (這信封裡有東西。) |
You turn !
______ 1.To keep good hours ______ one healthy.
(A)make (B) makes (C)is made (D)is making
______2.Whether I go or I stay ______upon the news we get about Mother’s health.
(A)depends (B)depending (C)dependent (D)depend
______3.Two days ______not enough to finish this book.
(A)are (B)is (C)be (D)have
______4.A：How much do you need?
B：Ten pounds ______enough.
(A)are (B)is (C)has been (D)have been
______5.How to prevent diseases ______worth studying.
(A)are (B)is (C)get (D)gets
______6.Mathematics ______my favorite subject.
(A)are (B)is (C)has (D)have
______7.Many a boy and girl ______made the same mistake.
(A)were (B)was (C)has (D)have
______8.Each boy and each girl ______to look nice.
(A)wants (B)want (C)are want (D)have
重點2如有下列情形當主詞，須接複數動詞
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(1) (2) |
複數主詞+複數 動詞 the police (警方) people (人們) +複數動詞 cattle (牛群) poultry (家禽) |
1. 你的朋友都願意幫助你。 Your friends are willing to help you. 2. 瑪麗和母親出國了。 Mary and her mother have gone abroad. 3. 警方已抓到這個賊。 The police have caught the thief. |
Your turn!
______1.He and I ______responsible for the accident.
(A)is (B)was (C)are (D)have
______2.Poultry ______raised everywhere by the farmers.
(A)is (B)are (C)was (D)has
重點3在下列情形，動詞的單、複數，決定於主詞的意思(1)
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1. |
A 主詞+ B主詞+ 單數動詞 →表同一人物或觀念
A 主詞+ B 主詞+ 複數動詞 →表不同人物或觀念
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1. To love and to be loved are two different thing. (愛人與被愛是兩回事。) To love and to be loved is the happiest way of Life. (愛人也能被愛是人生一大樂事。) 2. Bread and butter is my favorite food. (塗有奶油的麵包是我最喜歡的食物。) Bread and butter are the necessaries of life. (奶油和麵包是生活必需品。) |
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class family audience committee 單數動詞→(表抽象) + 複數動詞→(表該類全體) |
His family is a big one. (他的家族是一個大家族。) His family are all well. (他的家人都很好。) My class was very small. (我的班是小班。) My class were moved. (我班的學生受到感動。) |
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the +形容詞 單數動詞→(表抽象) + 複數動詞→(表該類全體) |
The beautiful (=Beauty) is the true(=truth). (美就是真。) The rich are not always happy. (有錢的人未必是快樂的。) [The rich = Rich people] |
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表部份或整體的代名詞，要看其所代表的名詞來決定單複數。 all作代名詞用當主詞時， 若指「人」用複數動詞。 若指「事物」用單數動詞。 |
All is lost.(一切都失掉了。) All of it was lost. (它的一切都失掉了。) All of the money was lost (所有的錢都失掉了。). All are present.(全部都出席。) All of us are happy. (我們都快樂。) |
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There 單數+單主 → Here 複數+複主 |
There was a fire last night. (昨夜有火警。) Here comes the bus.(車子來了。) There are two books on the desk. (桌上有兩本書。) Here are the books that you want. (你要的書在這裡。) |
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a number of +複數名詞 +複數 動詞(許多的…) the number of +複數名詞 +單數 動詞(~的總數是…) |
A number of students were absent yesterday. (昨天有許多學生缺席。) “students”是主詞，所以動詞用複數 The number of students is increasing. (學生的人數在增加中。) “The number”(數目)是主詞，所以動詞用單數 |
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7 |
all / most some / half part / plenty of + a lot / the rest the majority / 分數 / 百分比
單數 名詞 / 代名詞+ 單數 動詞 複數 名詞 / 代名詞+ 複數 動詞 |
All of his money is spent on books. (他全部的錢都花在書本上。) All of them were present. (他們全部出席了。) Half of his money has been stolen. (他的錢有一半被偷了。) Half of the passengers were killed. (有一半旅客喪生了。) The rest of my time was spent reading. (我把其餘的時間用以讀書。) The rest of the books are useful. (其餘的書都是有用的。) |
Your turn!
_____1. Slow and steady _____ the race.
(A)win (B)wins (C)make (D)makes
_____2.A white and a black dog _____lying by the gate.
(A)are (B)was (C)is (D)had
_____3.The committee _____made up of seven members.
(A)is (B)are (C)be (D)have
_____4.The audience of the concert _____so touched that they all stood up.
(A)is (B)were (C)have (D)been
_____5.Most of them _____to study abroad.
(A)wants (B)want (C)goes (D)has
_____6.Three fourths of the earth’s surface _____water
(A) has (B)is (C)are (D)will be.
重點4 在下列情形，動詞的單複數，決定於連接詞或介系詞(1)
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(1) (Either) A or B
(2) (Neither) Anor B
(3) Not only A but a also B +動詞【與最靠近動詞之B主詞一致】 |
1. 不是你錯就是我錯。 Either you or I am wrong. 2. 你和他都不對。 Neither you nor he is wrong. 3. 不但他對，而且我也對。 Not only he but also I am right. |
Your turn!
______1. Not only you but also he ______to blame.
(A)is (B)are (C)has (D)have
______2.Neither he nor I ______willing to do that.
(A)are (B)am (C)is (D)be
重點5在下列情形，動詞的單、複數，決定於連接詞或介系詞(2)
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with ; together with A+ Along with ; as well as No less than ; but + B + 動詞【與A主詞一致】 |
1. 這些學生和老師一樣用功。 The students as well as the teacher are diligent. 2. 除了湯姆和約翰，今天沒人缺席。 Nobody but Tom and John is absent today. |
You turn !
______1. Many as well as her two younger sisters ______fond of swimming.
(A)is (B)were (C)are (D)have been
______2. Your friends, no less than I ______ willing to help you.
(A)am (B)are (C)has been (D)had been
重點6關係子句之配合
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用法 |
例句 |
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1 |
(1) 單數名詞+[ who/which+V (單數) ]… (2) 複數名詞+[ who/which+V(複數) ]… |
1. 懶惰的人不管做什麼都會失敗。 One who is lazy will fail whatever he does. 2. 誠實的人很受尊敬。 People who are honest are highly respected. |
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It is 主詞 that 動詞 (動詞與主詞一致) |
It is I that am wrong. (是我錯了。) |
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who …one of the +複數N+ which+複數V
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Sam is one of the students who are absent. (山姆是缺席的學生之一。) |
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…the only one of +複數N+that +單數V |
Sam is the only one of the students that is absent. (山姆是唯一缺席的學生。) |
TEST YOURSELF
______1. Learning to use machines ______very important today.
(A)is (B)being (C)are (D)were (E)was 【70工專聯招】
______2. He is the only one of the students who ______English fluently.
(A)speaks (B)speak (C)speaking 【70空中商專】
______3. Playing the piano and singing simultaneously are difficult.[改錯題]
(A) (B) (C) (D) 【71彰化師大】
______4. The teacher with all his students ______looking forward to ______on
a picnic.
(a)are’going (B)is’going (C)is’gone
(D)are’gone (E)are’go 【72工專聯招】
______5. ______are right in this matter.(複選)
(A)Both you and he (B)You as well as he
(C)Not only you but also he (D)Both of you 【72保送甄試】
______6. Among the passengers ______Judge of district,Mr.J.C.Smith.
(A)was (B)were (C)are (D)be 【72空中商專】
______7.Jane often ______on a diet, but it never lasts tor long.
(A)goes (B)went (C)go (D)going 【79保送甄試】
______ 8.Each of them ______ own idea.
(A )have their(B)has their (C)has his
(D)have his (E)has one’s 【80四技二專】
______9.Experience had taught him that the best people to employ was those
(A) (B) (C)
who wrote neat, intelligent letters.[改錯題] 【81台中專夜】
(D)
______10.Your life is not your own , but belong to your country. If you love
(A) (B) (C)
your country, you must devote yourself to it.[改錯題] 【台中專夜】
(D)
______ 11.Both Mary’s and Tom’s house _______ destroyed by fire last week.
(A)is (B)was (C)are (D)were
______12.The first thing a student must have______
(A) been diligent (B)is diligence (C)to be diligent (D)is diligent
______ 13.The goods you ordered ______ arrived.
(A) has (B)have (C)are (D)is 【80嘉南專夜】
______ 14.There are programs on television that ______ how to do things.
(A)explain(B)explains (C)explaining(D)explained
______15.The majority of the damage_______ easy to repair.
(A)is(B)are(C)am(D)been(E)be 【75工專聯招】
______ 16.Much of what he says_______ not true.
(A)does(B)do(C)is(D)are
______ 17.The number of cars in Taipei _______ increasing year by year.
(A) was (B)were(C)is(D)are 【四技商專】
______18.Eighty percent of the people on the island ______their living by fishing .
(A)make (B)makes (C)do(D)does
______ 19.More students than one in our class ______ glasses.
(A)wears (B)wear (C)have (D)has
______ 20.The committee ______divided in their opinions.
(A)is(B)was(C)were(d)have
______ 21.She is interested in anything that _______history.
(A)is to do(B)has to do with
(C)must be a (D)concentrate on 【四技工專】
_______22.Five kilometers_______ a long way if people have to walk.
(A)are (B)is (C)are (D)were
______23.There fourths of the apple _______eaten by Sam.
(A)were (B)have (C)has (D)was
______24.My teacher and adviser, Mr. Smith , _______a very warmhearted ______.
(A)is ; person (B)is ; people (C)are ; person (D)are ; people
______25.Make sure that the sick _______ properly attended.
(A)are (B)has (C)is (D)will have
______26.Refusing invitations ______not always easy.
(A)are (B)have been (C)can (D)is 【84保送甄試】
______27.The mother as well as the children ______.
(A)have expressed their opinions
(B)were gazing at the foreigners in the car
(C)prefer tea to coffee
(D)has made the same mistake 【84台中專夜】
______28.Neither John’s friends nor John ______awarded the first prize.
(A)were (B)was (C)had (D)have (E)has 【84四技工專】
______29.It is I who ______ashamed of your behavior.
(A)am (B)is (C)are (D)does 【86保送甄試】
______30.Your brother as well as you ______a good student.
(A)is (B)are (C)were (D)are supposed to be 【86四技商專】
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