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Narrator:"

Listen to part of a lecture in a philosophy class. Professor:

Welcome to Philosophy 102, "The Western Philosophical Tradition." I'd like to begin today, by introducing the concept of philosophy. We need to start with an understanding of what philosophy is, and what sorts of questions we ask in philosophy. There are a few important terms that we will cover today. These terms are, er, going to be important, important, throughout this course. First of all, what is philosophy?

Student:

Is it, uh, what people used to think? Professor:

People used to think? You mean before television? Well, "philosophy", we get the word from the Greek, which is, well, appropriate because we get the uh, foundations for Western philosophy from uh the Greeks. So the word "philosophy" actually comes from two words. The word philoas inPhiladelphia, "the city of brotherly love," or philo - philanthropic, love of mankind... the word philomeans love. OK. Sophia. Sophia, do you know what your name means?

Student [female]:

'             Black Holes

A significant amount of information has been collected about our universe in the last hundred years, and an extremely popular topic since the 1960s has been black holes. While many theories have been generated, modified, and tested to improve our knowledge and understanding of physics, the black hole still provides a unique testing ground for theories as it is a space where physics becomes unclear. Let's look briefly at what they are and a little bit about the study of them.

Simply speaking, a black hole is an object with density and gravity so great that nothing, not even light, can escape. Because of this, they are "invisible" and not directly seen. However, most scientists are certain that black holes exist due to secondary evidence. By measuring the effects of gravity on surrounding objects, they are able to conclude that an invisible or "dark" object with extremely high mass is present. If a compact object of sufficiently high mass is found, it is generally thought to be a black hole. Black holes are thought now to be in the center of many galaxies (called supermassive black holes) and also as part of numerous binary systems (two objects [usually stars] rotating around each other) in our own galaxy. They are surrounded by an "event horizon"事件穹界; a boundary that once crossed